What are 3D Models?

3D models are digital replicas of objects in three-dimensional space. They allow us to visualize things that are difficult to capture in reality. Unlike two-dimensional images, which have only length and width, 3D models also have a third dimension: depth. 3D models can be used in a variety of applications, from video games and animation to industrial applications such as prototyping, engineering and construction. They are an essential part of 3D printing processes, as they serve as the basis for printing physical objects.

There are several methods to create 3D models, including the use of 3D scanners, CAD software, modeling software, and photogrammetry. 3D scanners can scan physical objects and convert them into 3D models using software. CAD software is typically used to create models for industrial applications, while modeling software is suitable for a variety of applications, such as creating movie animations or video games. Photogrammetry is another method of creating 3D models using photographs.

In particular, the use of 3D measurement technology is of great importance in the field of industrial manufacturing and quality control. Here, ZEISS is a key player and supplier of measurement systems and optical technologies that can be used in production and quality assurance. In addition, metrology also plays an important role in the creation of 3D models and the inspection of components manufactured using 3D printing.

3D scanning is a technology that enables physical objects to be transformed into digital 3D models. Using 3D scanners, objects, components, buildings or landscapes can be scanned and converted into digital formats.

There is not just one 3D scanning method to create 3D models, but several. Some of the most common methods are fringe light projection and laser triangulation, as well as photogrammetry. In addition, time-of-flight technology is also used.

3D scanners and software are used to perform 3D scanning. There are different types of 3D scanners, including handheld portable scanners and stationary scanners used to capture large objects such as buildings or landscapes. Software is used to convert and manipulate the captured data into 3D models.

When 3D scanning to create a 3D model, various errors can occur, such as uneven lighting, overexposure, underexposure, motion blur, or distortion. To avoid errors, it is important that the object is stably positioned, lighting conditions are controlled, and that the scanner is properly calibrated. Choosing the right scanning technology and settings can also help minimize errors.

Most 3D modeling software supports the STL file format, which is a widely used file format for 3D models. Other popular file formats include OBJ, FBX and Collada. It is important to note that each file format has different features and limitations.

A CAD program is a software to create and edit 3D models. It offers many functions and enables precise modeling. There are a variety of programs, from simple and free to complex and paid. In order to work with CAD programs, knowledge of their operation and modeling is necessary.

CAD programs make it possible to create and edit complex 3D models that are suitable for 3D printing. However, it is important to make sure that the model meets the requirements of 3D printing to avoid errors and problems during printing. Care should also be taken to ensure that the file format chosen is compatible with the printer. With CAD programs, it is possible to create both simple 3D objects and complex components that can be used in industry.

3D printing is widely used in both the private and industrial sectors. It is a process in which a 3D model is transformed into a physical object using special technologies and tools. In this process, the model is divided into small layers that are gradually applied to a plate by a 3D printer and fused together until the three-dimensional object is complete.

Different technologies and tools are used for 3D printing, depending on the type of object and the desired quality. These include, for example, FDM printers, stereolithography printers, binder jetting printers, and powder bed fusion printers. Each technology has its advantages and disadvantages and is suitable for different applications.

3D printing can be used to create a wide variety of parts, from simple prototypes to complex components. Mistakes in 3D printing can be avoided through careful planning. This includes, for example, a thorough review of the 3D model and its design, optimizing the design for the chosen technology and materials, and properly setting up the printer and its parameters. It is also important to observe the object during the printing process in order to detect and correct errors at an early stage.

3D models are digital representations of objects in three dimensions that are created with the help of special software. There are various ways to create 3D models, for example with CAD programs or a 3D scanner plus software. It is important to avoid mistakes when creating 3D models in order to achieve a perfect result. In the end, 3D models can be converted into physical objects using 3D printing. Different tools are used depending on the technology and material. 3D printing can be used to produce complex components quickly and cost-effectively. Overall, 3D modeling and 3D printing offers many possibilities and areas of application, especially in industry, but also in the private sector, to create and implement your own 3D models.

With the right preparation and care, you can create your own 3D models. ZEISS provides you with the necessary hardware and software. From stationary and mountable 3D scanners to small handheld scanners, there is something for you. Convince yourself of our HandsOn Metrology solutions.