It's Time for Lightfield!

Sample treatment and preparation is the same as for any other fluorescent imaging with an inverted microscope.

Yes, Lightfield 4D detection uses a camera.

Lightfield 4D uses standard widefield fluorescence excitation with ZEISS solid state light sources.

Yes, you can acquire multiple color channels in a single experiment. Dual-color imaging is possible with up to 40 volumes per second. The excitation range is 385-740 nm.

The reconstructed volume (x,y,z) depends on the objective lens used. There are numerous standard objective lenses to choose from. An overview of recommended lenses, their specifications and the reconstructed volume can be found in the Lightfield 4D brochure or in the product information brochures of LSM 990 and LSM 910.

The maximal resolution is 2.2 x 2.2 x 2.8 µm³ (x,y,z) and can be achieved with a 40x objective. Further information can be found in the Lightfield 4D brochure or in the product information brochures of LSM 990 and LSM 910.

The image processing time per volume depends on the objective lens used and therefore on the volume size and the processing settings. In most cases, it takes only 40-60 seconds to process 100 volumes.

Yes, Lightfield 4D can be combined with the multiphoton configurations of LSM 990 NLO with Axio Observer.

Lightfield 4D data is processed with a special deconvolution-based processing method. Further DCV or denoising is not required as this does not improve image quality. Lightfield 4D processing results in a standard z-stack in the ZEN .czi format for further analysis.

Yes, these two imaging modes complement each other and can be combined in a single experiment – e.g., to image at different temporal or spatial resolutions, or to perform photomanipulation experiments with the LSM (e.g. photoconversion) before imaging at low phototoxicity with Lightfield 4D.

Yes, all sample carriers and incubation options that work with ZEISS LSM systems will also be compatible with Lightfield 4D.

Lightfield 4D is an integrated part of the LSM 910 or LSM 990 system with Axio Observer. For available configuration options, please reach out to your local ZEISS contact.