![Soluciones de microscopía para análisis de orina Soluciones de microscopía para análisis de orina]({"xsmall":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/polarization_urine-crystals_primostar-3.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.100.100.222,0,1662,1440.file/polarization_urine-crystals_primostar-3.jpg","small":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/polarization_urine-crystals_primostar-3.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.360.360.222,0,1662,1440.file/polarization_urine-crystals_primostar-3.jpg","medium":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/polarization_urine-crystals_primostar-3.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.768.768.222,0,1662,1440.file/polarization_urine-crystals_primostar-3.jpg","large":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/polarization_urine-crystals_primostar-3.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1024.1024.222,0,1662,1440.file/polarization_urine-crystals_primostar-3.jpg","xlarge":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/polarization_urine-crystals_primostar-3.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1280.1280.222,0,1662,1440.file/polarization_urine-crystals_primostar-3.jpg","xxlarge":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/polarization_urine-crystals_primostar-3.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1440.1440.222,0,1662,1440.file/polarization_urine-crystals_primostar-3.jpg","max":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/polarization_urine-crystals_primostar-3.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1440.1440.222,0,1662,1440.file/polarization_urine-crystals_primostar-3.jpg"})
Soluciones de microscopía para análisis de orina
Observación de la orina y detección de anomalías
Como profesional de laboratorio clínico, entiende el papel fundamental que desempeña la exploración con microscopio a la hora de detectar anomalías en muestras de orina. Los microscopios pueden proporcionar información de valor incalculable sobre la composición física y química de la orina, lo que le permite obtener un diagnóstico y planes de tratamiento precisos. Con técnicas de campo claro y contraste de fases y de polarización, puede examinar los sedimentos en orina para detectar células, cristales y otras sustancias. Este examen minucioso le permite identificar signos de diferentes afecciones, como diabetes mellitus, glomerulonefritis e infecciones urinarias crónicas.
La orina es un indicador clave para muchas enfermedades como las infecciones urinarias, las nefropatías y la
diabetes. Además, en condiciones normales, es fácil de obtener. Por eso el análisis de orina forma parte de la rutina de todos los laboratorios clínicos para detectar la presencia de anomalías.
Después de un análisis visual del color, el olor y el aspecto de una muestra de orina reciente, se suele realizar un análisis químico mediante las denominadas tiras reactivas. En caso de hallazgos anómalos en el análisis visual o químico, generalmente se realiza un análisis microscópico de los sedimentos de orina para visualizar componentes sólidos como células sanguíneas, células epiteliales, microorganismos y patógenos.
El sedimento de la orina se examina normalmente con un microscopio de luz transmitida con campo claro o contraste de fases. El contraste de polarización también puede resultar útil para visualizar cristales. El sedimento se examina primero con poco aumento para identificar la mayoría de los cristales, cilindros, células epidermoides y otros objetos grandes. A continuación, se examina con gran aumento para identificar cristales, células y bacterias.
Requisitos del microscopio
La orina se examina tradicionalmente con microscopios ópticos verticales. En general, los microscopios de campo claro son el instrumento de elección. Sin embargo, las directrices de análisis de orina también recomiendan utilizar microscopios equipados con contraste de fases y filtros de luz polarizada para identificar partículas en la orina como eritrocitos dismórficos y cilindros (contraste de fases), así como lípidos y cristales (luz polarizada). La iluminación LED aumenta la calidad de la visualización de las muestras. Los objetivos estándar para los sedimentos urinarios habituales son de 10× para cilindros y de 40× para células y otras estructuras más pequeñas, con el consiguiente aumento de 100× o 400× (cuando se utilizan con oculares de 10×). El aumento de 400× también permite visualizar bacterias. Para lograr una observación más detallada de la morfología bacteriana, como la forma, el tamaño y las estructuras celulares, puede resultar útil el aumento de 1000×. Sin embargo, con un aumento más grande, puede ser más difícil mantenerlas en el objetivo conforme se mueven.
Ejemplos de aplicación
![Cristales en orina, contraste de polarización, cortesía de J. Poloni Cristales en orina, contraste de polarización, cortesía de J. Poloni]({"xsmall":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/crystals-in-urine-polarization-contrast.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.100.75.0,0,1794,1346.file/crystals-in-urine-polarization-contrast.jpg","small":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/crystals-in-urine-polarization-contrast.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.360.270.0,0,1794,1346.file/crystals-in-urine-polarization-contrast.jpg","medium":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/crystals-in-urine-polarization-contrast.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.768.576.0,0,1794,1346.file/crystals-in-urine-polarization-contrast.jpg","large":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/crystals-in-urine-polarization-contrast.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1024.768.0,0,1794,1346.file/crystals-in-urine-polarization-contrast.jpg","xlarge":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/crystals-in-urine-polarization-contrast.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1280.960.0,0,1794,1346.file/crystals-in-urine-polarization-contrast.jpg","xxlarge":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/crystals-in-urine-polarization-contrast.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1440.1080.0,0,1794,1346.file/crystals-in-urine-polarization-contrast.jpg","max":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/crystals-in-urine-polarization-contrast.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1794.1346.0,0,1794,1346.file/crystals-in-urine-polarization-contrast.jpg"})
![Eritrocitos, que muestran forma de estramonio debido a un valor de pH no fisiológico de la orina en campo claro Eritrocitos, que muestran forma de estramonio debido a un valor de pH no fisiológico de la orina en campo claro]({"xsmall":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/brightfield_erythrocyte-urine_axio-lab.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.100.75.file/brightfield_erythrocyte-urine_axio-lab.jpg","small":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/brightfield_erythrocyte-urine_axio-lab.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.360.270.file/brightfield_erythrocyte-urine_axio-lab.jpg","medium":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/brightfield_erythrocyte-urine_axio-lab.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.768.576.file/brightfield_erythrocyte-urine_axio-lab.jpg","large":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/brightfield_erythrocyte-urine_axio-lab.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1024.768.file/brightfield_erythrocyte-urine_axio-lab.jpg","xlarge":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/brightfield_erythrocyte-urine_axio-lab.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1280.960.file/brightfield_erythrocyte-urine_axio-lab.jpg","xxlarge":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/brightfield_erythrocyte-urine_axio-lab.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1440.1080.file/brightfield_erythrocyte-urine_axio-lab.jpg","max":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/brightfield_erythrocyte-urine_axio-lab.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original./brightfield_erythrocyte-urine_axio-lab.jpg"})
![Hongo micelio en campo claro Hongo micelio en campo claro]({"xsmall":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/brigthfield_fungus-mycelium-urine_axio-lab.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.100.75.file/brigthfield_fungus-mycelium-urine_axio-lab.jpg","small":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/brigthfield_fungus-mycelium-urine_axio-lab.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.360.270.file/brigthfield_fungus-mycelium-urine_axio-lab.jpg","medium":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/brigthfield_fungus-mycelium-urine_axio-lab.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.768.576.file/brigthfield_fungus-mycelium-urine_axio-lab.jpg","large":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/brigthfield_fungus-mycelium-urine_axio-lab.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1024.768.file/brigthfield_fungus-mycelium-urine_axio-lab.jpg","xlarge":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/brigthfield_fungus-mycelium-urine_axio-lab.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1280.960.file/brigthfield_fungus-mycelium-urine_axio-lab.jpg","xxlarge":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/brigthfield_fungus-mycelium-urine_axio-lab.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1440.1080.file/brigthfield_fungus-mycelium-urine_axio-lab.jpg","max":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/brigthfield_fungus-mycelium-urine_axio-lab.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original./brigthfield_fungus-mycelium-urine_axio-lab.jpg"})
![Imagen de contraste de fases de sedimento de orina Imagen de contraste de fases de sedimento de orina]({"xsmall":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/phase-contrast-image-of-urine-sediment.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.100.75.file/phase-contrast-image-of-urine-sediment.jpg","small":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/phase-contrast-image-of-urine-sediment.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.360.270.file/phase-contrast-image-of-urine-sediment.jpg","medium":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/phase-contrast-image-of-urine-sediment.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.768.576.file/phase-contrast-image-of-urine-sediment.jpg","large":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/phase-contrast-image-of-urine-sediment.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1024.768.file/phase-contrast-image-of-urine-sediment.jpg","xlarge":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/phase-contrast-image-of-urine-sediment.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1280.960.file/phase-contrast-image-of-urine-sediment.jpg","xxlarge":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/phase-contrast-image-of-urine-sediment.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original.image_file.1440.1080.file/phase-contrast-image-of-urine-sediment.jpg","max":"https://www.zeiss.com/content/dam/rms/reference-master/applications/laboratory-and-routine/urinalysis/phase-contrast-image-of-urine-sediment.jpg/_jcr_content/renditions/original./phase-contrast-image-of-urine-sediment.jpg"})
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