Article

Testing That Little Bit Extra

How coating properties are tested at ZEISS

12 February 2025

Eyeglass lenses with coatings can do a lot: they are antistatic, scratch-resistant, water- and dirt-repellent, easy to clean, and with enhanced clarity. Lens coatings are the " that little bit extra" to an eyeglass lens.

As early as 1959, ZEISS launched its first anti-reflective coating for mineral eyeglass lenses and has since then continuously expanded coating functionalities and performance. Currently, in addition to ZEISS DuraVision Gold UV, there are other premium coatings available for clear lenses and prescription sunglass lenses (for example, ZEISS DuraVision Platinum UV and ZEISS DuraVision Chrome UV)1, as well as functional coatings and special premium coatings for sunglasses2.


The science behind coatings is unique and highly technological. The ion-assisted vacuum deposition process of up to nine ultra-thin metal and ceramic oxide layers with a thickness of just 2 µm in a vacuum chamber is equally impressive3. But how exactly and how rigorously are these coating properties tested, and who sets the standards? Two examples provide insights into quality assurance and performance evaluation of premium coatings.

  • Two comparison lenses in the shaking device during the hardness test. The lens at the bottom of the image remains clear and nearly scratch-free thanks to the coating.

Bayer test: eyeglass lens vs. abrasive material

The Bayer test is a standard procedure that analyses the scratch and abrasion resistance of coated eyeglass lenses using scattered light measurement. The comparison always happens between a pair of lenses – the product in question, and a standard control lens without coating4. The eyeglass lenses are placed in a type of shaking device and with a precisely defined amount of a standardized abrasive material (Alundum, a rather sharp-edged material specifically manufactured for testing applications that resembles small pebble stones). Then, the machine persistently shakes and moves a tray with the inserted eyeglass lenses back and forth 600 times.

The scattered light measurement quantifies the degree of abrasion resistance.

Resulting damage and scratches on the glass surface scatter light, creating a kind of haze, and thus impair clear vision. The more the light scatters, the greater the damage to the surface and the higher vision impairment. Anyone who has followed a Bayer test live can confirm: extreme situations are simulated here – a real stress test for eyeglass lenses.

For example, ZEISS DuraVision Gold UV impresses with an average Bayer ratio of 16. Although there is no standardized scale, values above ten are considered highly scratch-resistant across the industry. Thus, the new ZEISS coating lies in the highest range of lenses with excellent scratch resistance.

  • Controlled and standardized cleaning

  • A tiny water droplet is placed on the eyeglass lens...

  • ...and then, the contact angle is measured.

Contact angle and abrasion test: A clean matter over time

The contact angle and abrasion test simulates the cleaning behavior of an eyeglass wearer. A cotton cloth rubs 800 times in a controlled and automated manner over the eyeglass lens, to simulate approximately an average of one year of cleaning.

Before and after, the contact angle measurement method determines how a water droplet spreads on the glass. If it remains relatively round and raised from the surface, having a large contact angle, this indicates a water-repellent effect. The droplet can easily bead off – or be wiped away easily. If it spreads out and wets the surface, laying itself flat on the glass, the contact angle is quite small. This means the hydrophobicity of the coating is not of high quality or has been diminished in effectiveness due to cleaning. Thus, the contact angle can determine how repellent the surface is before and after frequent cleaning and how durable the easy to clean top-coating is.

Thanks to the new integrated ZEISS CleanGuard technology in ZEISS DuraVision Gold UV, an initial contact angle for water of 117° is achieved, significantly more than in previous coating generations. Even after a wear time of 14 months, and thus cleaning for over a year, the contact angle was still at 105°. This indicates that even after more than one year of wear, coating still retains a high level of water-repellent and easy to clean properties.
Additionally, the contact angle for the oil-like chemical substance hexadecane was tested. This serves as a control test example for non-polar liquids such as skin residues or greasy fingerprints, which, as eyeglass wearer knows from experience, tend to stick very well. Even for this everyday contaminant, an excellent initial contact angle of 73° was achieved. This positive result is confirmed by consumers in surveys: nine out of ten say that fingerprints on ZEISS DuraVision Gold UV eyeglass lenses can be easily removed.5

In consumer surveys, beauty is measured

That anti-reflective coatings can also have an aesthetic value is due to their subtle residual reflection color. While, pioneered by ZEISS with DuraVision Platinum UV, a cool blue reflection color has become an industry standard, now, ZEISS DuraVision Gold UV introduces a new golden residual reflex color option that has a unique and subtle touch of luxury and sophistication. How well this is perceived is a matter of taste. However, it is certain that gold is timeless and stands for elegance and high quality. Specifically for ZEISS DuraVision Gold UV, it can be stated: In a representative survey, 66 percent of respondents said they liked the look of the eyeglass lenses with the unique golden residual reflex well or very well. Seven out of ten also agreed with the statement that these eyeglass lenses match well with brown or golden frames.6

While the quality and performance of a coating can be determined through standardized tests, the subjective perception of eyeglass wearers is always important. This influences how much a wearer likes their new eyeglass lenses with all the additional features for which they are paying more. To get a complete picture, ZEISS therefore also relies on wearer trials and consumer surveys. As was done for ZEISS DuraVision UV Gold: 90 percent of respondents say that the surface of the eyeglass lens with ZEISS DuraVision UV Gold feels smoother. The same percentage of respondents agrees that these lenses are easier and faster to clean. And 93% agree that eyeglass lenses with ZEISS DuraVision have a greater water repellence.7

Coatings as a selling point

For eye care professionals, it is particularly important: consumers often measure the quality of their eyeglass lenses by the coating. In addition to lens design and prescription, the coating itself plays an important role in providing vision clarity for the wearer. Coatings influence how clean eyeglasses stay throughout the day, how easy they are to clean, how well they reduce glare and reflections, and how scratch-resistant they are. In a large-scale consumer study8, 88 percent of respondents said that clear and sharp vision is very important to them regarding their eyeglass lenses. "Scratch-resistant" was rated as very important by 82 percent, and "easy to clean" by 80 percent. Both are factors that contribute in the long run to being able to see clearly and sharply through one’s eyeglass lens. For eye care professionals, these are important additional selling and differentiation arguments.

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Info Box Testing Procedures

For eyeglass lenses, various standards apply from a regulatory perspective: for example, standards for so-called impact tests by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, certain DIN ISO standards in the EU such as for the flammability test, or requirements for photochromic eyeglass lenses. ZEISS tests eyeglass lenses itself at three highly specialized locations in the so-called Group Test Centers (GTC). Worldwide, only three testing laboratories in the optical field have received the highest laboratory certification according to DIN EN ISO / IEC 17025. This includes the GTC at the ZEISS location in Aalen, Germany. The standard confirms the impartiality as well as the outstanding quality of testing procedures and environments.

The range of offerings at ZEISS currently includes a total of 37 chemical, thermal, or mechanical tests. Some of these are ZEISS developments. ZEISS decided to develop its own procedures mainly because the minimum requirements of the standards no longer cover all of today's requirements in the optical industry. While the standards were once developed for mineral eyeglass lenses, ZEISS applies different premises for the multitude of today's plastic lenses. The tests are categorized into four major areas: product properties (e.g., coating thickness or antistatic properties), life cycle simulation (e.g., UV test or heat resistance), mechanical stress tests (e.g., contact angle and abrasion test or Bayer test), and special tests (e.g., cleaning cloth test or sports eyewear test).

Portrait Maria Conrad
Press Contact Maria Conrad General Topics and Sustainability

ZEISS Vision Care


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  • 1

    ZEISS also offers functional anti-reflective coatings such as ZEISS DuraVision BlueProtect UV, and ZEISS DuraVision DriveSafe UV.

  • 2

    ZEISS DuraVision Sun UV, ZEISS DuraVision Mirror UV, and ZEISS DuraVision Flash UV.

  • 3

    A hard coating applied by ZEISS has an average thickness of just 2 µm (0.002 mm). For comparison: a human hair is about 100 µm thick.

  • 4

    The uncoated eyeglass lens is always in index 1.5 with a Bayer value of 1 – test lenses may have different indices.

  • 5

    Eyeglass wearer consumer research study 2023 in Germany, n=105, all values compared to previous premium coatings by ZEISS.

  • 6

    Eyeglass wearer consumer research study 2024 in Italy, China and USA, n=300.

  • 7

    Eyeglass wearer consumer research study 2023 in Germany, n=105, all values compared to previous premium coatings by ZEISS.

  • 8

    Vision Care Brand Fundamentals Tracker, March 2024, vision correction users in 18 countries surveyed, n=19,800.